Last 10 minutes of class on Monday, July 13, 2026.
Everyone takes the exam at the same time.
Logic.
You will take the exam on paper. There is 10 minute time limit, or 15 minutes for those with time-and-a-half accommodations.
You may bring one sheet of paper with notes written on both sides.
Do each of the following to maximize your preparation:
Were you able to check off every box?
The learning objectives for the course up to this point in time include you having developed a familiarity with, and an ability to discuss everything about logic appearing on the course notes.
The fact that active recall is better for acquiring long-term knowledge does not mean that outlines and concept maps are not useful. Learners should use multiple techniques—think “both and” rather than “either or.”
Logic
What it deals with
The central question of logic
Basic notation
Encodings of various English statements
Terms vs Formulas
Term world: objects, functions
Formula world: predicates, connectives, quantifiers
Syntax of logic terms and formulas
When can we elide parentheses?
Variables
Free vs bound variables
Scope of quantifiers
Judgments
Difference between judgments and formulas
Notation
Hypothetical judgments
Logical arguments
Based on judgments, not formulas themselves
Validity
A catalog of different types of Logics
Bivalent
Propositional
Syllogistic
Predicate
First-order
nth-order
Higher-order
Classical
bivalent
excluded middle
non-contradiction
monotonic entailment
conjunction commutativity
lots of duals
Intuitionistic
Proof over truth
constructive
No excluded middle
No indirect proof
No double negation elimination
Paraconsistent
No explosion
Relevance
premises and conclusion must be related
Many-valued
Catuṣkoṭi
Four corners
True, False, Both, Neither
Aggi-Vacchagotta Sutta
Yeah-No and Mu
Free (not covered on any exam)
Non-monotonic (not covered on any exam)
Fuzzy
Modal
Alethic
Deontic
Epistemic
Doxastic
Temporal
Dynamic
Formal Logic
Logical System = Formal System + Semantics
Formal System
Syntax
Symbols
Formation rules
Proof system
Axioms
Inference rules
Derivability (Proof)
Semantics
Truth-conditional semantics
Model-theoretic semantics
Examples
Propositional logic
First-order logic
A simple type theory
Modal logic (formalization not on any exam)
Satisfiability and Validity
Satisfiability: is there a model that makes the formula true?
Validity: is the formula true in all models?
Metalogic
Soundness
Completeness
Consistency
Decidability
This is a mini-quiz which tests for immediate understanding of topics and not your ability to work out problems over an extended duration of time. There is a strict time limit so that your immediate fluency is tested rather than your ability to search the web (or worse, ask a chatbot), since these things take time. There will be 5–10 questions. Some may be multiple choice, multi-select, matching, and very short answer.
All content on the assigned readings is fair game for questions, so do not neglect the readings, and by all means do the recall questions!